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Qualitative test for Carbohydrates
Qualitative test for Carbohydrates The qualitative tests for carbohydrates such as (Molish, Benedict, Fehling, Osazone, and Barfoed tests) are used to detect the presence of reducing and non-reducing, mono and disaccharides in a sample. Here are common qualitative tests for carbohydrates: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 1. Molish Test The molish test is a simple, rapid, and…
Pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement
An Acid catalyzed rearrangement in which 1,2-diol or pinacole is converted to carbonyl compound is called pinacole- pinacolone rearrangement. Pinacole : 2,3- dimethyl butane-2,3-diol Pinacolone :3,3-dimethyl-2- butanone Reaction of Pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement: Mechanism of pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement: Mechanism of pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement takes place in four steps Step(01): In this step hydroxyl group of pinacole is protonated by…
Qualitative tests for lipids
What is lipids? Lipids are organic heterogeneous compounds found in living organisms and are long chains of triglycerides of fatty acids. These qualitative tests for lipids are used to analyze the properties of fats and oils. Here’s what they’re used for: Acid Value The test in which the number of mg of alkalis or NaOH\KOH…
Hoffmann Rearrangement
The reaction in which the conversion of amides to amine with one carbon atom less than the starting material in the presence of Br2 and KOH or alkaline Hypohalite is called Hoffmann rearrangement. This rearrangement was given by Agust Wilhem. Reaction : Mechanism of Hoffman Rearrangement: Step 1: Deprotonation of amide by Base (OH)…