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Cannizzaro Reaction
Those carbonyl compound which donot contain α-H react in the presence of conc. base gives alcohol ( reduced product) and acidic salt (oxidized Product). Reaction of cannizzaro: Cannizzaro Reaction Mechanism: Step(01) formation of dianion: In this reaction , we use typical base OH which react on less hindered product because our preference is to make…
Witting Reaction
The reaction in which aldehyde or ketone react with phosphorus ylide to give alkenes and triphenyl phosphine oxide. Actually ylide is a neutral molecule having a negative carbon adjacent to a positive heteroatoms. This phosphorus ylide is also called phosporanes. Thus phosphorus ylide is easily prepared from triphenyl phosphine and primary or secondary alkyl halides….
Industrial Biochemistry and Microbes
Industrial Biochemistry [ez-toc] The process of applying techniques and biochemical principles to develop innovative products that benefit humankind is called industrial biochemistry. It deals in biology, technology, engineering, and chemistry fields. Keys & Areas in Industrial Biochemistry: Biocatalyst: Enzymes or microorganisms are used to catalyze a reaction called biocatalysts. Formentation technologies: Large-scale production of bioactive…
Qualitative test for Carbohydrates
Qualitative test for Carbohydrates The qualitative tests for carbohydrates such as (Molish, Benedict, Fehling, Osazone, and Barfoed tests) are used to detect the presence of reducing and non-reducing, mono and disaccharides in a sample. Here are common qualitative tests for carbohydrates: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 1. Molish Test The molish test is a simple, rapid, and…
Pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement
An Acid catalyzed rearrangement in which 1,2-diol or pinacole is converted to carbonyl compound is called pinacole- pinacolone rearrangement. Pinacole : 2,3- dimethyl butane-2,3-diol Pinacolone :3,3-dimethyl-2- butanone Reaction of Pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement: Mechanism of pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement: Mechanism of pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement takes place in four steps Step(01): In this step hydroxyl group of pinacole is protonated by…