Study of covalent compounds of carbon and hydrogen
(C-H) and their derivatives
What is the resonance effect? Thus, it can be said that the -NH2 group in aniline gives electrons to the ring by the resonance effect. Types of resonance effect: There are two types of resonance effects which are given below: Positive resonance effect: Negative resonance effect: Recommended video:
What is cholesterol? Structure of cholesterol: Sources of cholesterol: The main sources of cholesterol are the fish -liver oils, and the brain and spinal cord of cattle. Identification tests: Cholesterol and many other sterols gives many color reactions which are given below: When concentrated sulphuric acid is added to a solution of cholesterol in chloroform,…
What is conjugation in chemistry? Examples of conjugation: Four examples of conjugation are given below: 1. Conjugation with empty p-orbital of carbocation: 2.Conjugation with lone pair on nitrogen: 3.Conjugation with another pi bond: 4.Conjugation with a radical: Recommended video:
Base-catalyzed reaction in which 1,2-diketone reacts with a hydroxyl ion to give a hydroxyl carboxylate ion, which on acidification yields a hydroxycarboxylic acid. This rearrangement is called benzil-benzilic acid rearrangement. This shows intramolecular disproportionation because the carbon center is oxidized while the other is reduced. Ketone having no adjacent enolizable proton gives this rearrangement; otherwise,…
What are steroids? Classification of steroids: 1. Sterol: These core structure of steroid ( C-17) with the aliphatic side chain and one or more hydroxyl groups attached with them, these are also called steroid alcohols. Phytosterols Mycosterols Zoosterols Marine sterols Some other sterols are : Lanosterol Lupeol Oleanolic acid 2. Sex hormones: The core structure…
What is citral? Chemical formula: the chemical formula of citral is C10H16O Boiling point : Its boiling point is 77 Medicinal properties: Citral has the properties of Uses: It is used extensively in the perfume and flavour industry to stimulate lemon-like odour. It is for the formation of vitamin A. Recently, it has become important…
What are steroid hormones? A steroid hormone is a steroid that functions as a hormone. Steroid hormones are a class of hormones derived from cholesterol that function as chemical messengers in the body. These are produced in the adrenal cortex, testis, ovary, and some other peripheral tissues. All steroid hormones originate from cholesterol but differ…
What are terpenoids? [ez-toc] Those organic compounds which are derived from a combination of two or more isoprene units are called terpenoids. Terpenoids form naturally occurring organic compounds, most of which occur in plants and some are obtained from other sources. These are volatile compounds that give odor and fragrances to plants and flowers. They…
Carbocations are the most important reactive intermediate in many kinds of reactions, and nucleophilic substitution is one of them. These carbocations have a special place in organic chemistry because of many factors, like their rearrangements to gain stability, etc. Structure and hybridization of carbocation: The central carbon of carbocation is sp2 hybridized because one s…
What are the natural products? Natural products are chemical compounds that are produced from a variety of natural sources, plants, microbes, and animals. Characteristics of natural products: Two types of characteristics of natural products Chemical characteristics: Biological characteristics: Metabolites: Two types of metabolites. Primary Metabolites: Primary metabolites are those metabolites which directly involved in the…