The most important chemical reactions ofmonosaccharides are: Furfural formation: Sugar loses water when heated with acid substances (H2SO4 or HCl) and generates furfural derivatives. It is also known as the dehydration of monosaccharides. Thus hexose gives hydroxymethyl furfural while pentose gives furfural on dehydration. This furfural can condense with phenolic compounds (α- naphthol) to form…
The word Aromatherapy is a combination of two words Aroma meaning ‘smell‘ and therapy meaning ‘treatment‘. What is Aromatherapy? Aromatherapy is a natural process that uses essential oil as the main therapeutic reagent to heal person’s mind, body and soul. Essential oils are mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, ketones, oxides,…
Nutraceuticals are the products that are derived from food sources, they have extra health benefits other than simple nutritional value. History about nutraceuticals: The term nutraceuticals combine by two words nutrient and pharmaceuticals. Nutrient mean nourishing food components and pharmaceuticals means medical drug. The name of nutraceuticals was coined by the American scientist Stephen DeFelice…
What are Proteins? Proteins consist of linear sequences of amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds. The arrangement of these amino acids carries the information needed to a protein molecule with a distinctive three-dimensional structure. The 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins are connected together by peptide bonds. On a chemical basis: Proteins…
SCOPE OF CHEMISTRY Everything around us deals with chemistry. When we say a thing like a scope, we come to know that it’s a branch of science that is as old as mankind, and at the same time, it went through the evolution phases just like human beings. From the atmosphere to the sea, plants to…
Definition: Lipids are the organic compounds that can be obtained from cells and tissues by non-polar organic solvents. Lipids are not polymers. Lipids are insoluble in water but they are soluble in organic solvents like benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ether and acetone. Although they dissolve in all organic solvents; but highly soluble in non-polar organic solvents….
Chromatography is a Greek word that means “separations of pigments, the colored substances”. This word was first time used by Russian chemist Mikhail Semenovich Tswett in 1906. Purpose Chromatography is a technique in which a mixture is converted into its components along with stationary phase by mobile phase. phases: Principal: Absorbing the mixture onto the…
Naming alkenes( Nomenclature of alkenes) is done by replacing ending -ane of alkanes by -ene. Like, ethane becomes ethene and soon. International union of Pure and Applied Chemistry devised a rule for naming organic compounds through which each compound has given a specific name and with the help of this rule we can easily recognize…
The compound has an identical molecular formula but It contains different structures is called isomerism. Here will discuss the isomerism of carbohydrates. Types of Isomerism: Ketose-aldose isomerism: Glucose and fructose are isomers of each other having the same chemical formula “C6H12O6, but they differ in structural formula concerning their functional groups. There is a keto…
Polysaccharides: Carbohydrates are composed of ten or more monosaccharides units held together by glycosidic bond is called polysaccharides. These are colloidal in size. It is known as “glycans” .These are classified in two groups Homo polysaccharides: These polysaccharides is made up of several units of one and same type of monosaccharides unit only …