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Base catalyzed rearrangement in which α-halo ketone or cyclopropane having at least one α-H reacts with base give carboxylic acid or their derivatives. In favorskii rearrangement, the base decides our product e.g. if alkoxide is used as a base then an ester will be formed. If hydroxide is used as a base then carboxylic acid […]
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What is the resonance effect? The decrease in electron density at one position accompanied by a corresponding increase at another position by the movement of pi electrons is called the resonance effect. The resonance effect is also known as a mesomeric effect. The distribution of electron density depends on the resonance in a system. The […]
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What is cholesterol? Cholesterol is the sterol of the higher animals, which occur as free or as fatty esters in all animal cells especially in brain and spinal cord It was first isolated from human gall stones. Gall stones contains almost entirely of cholesterol. It is a white crystalline solid which is optically active . […]
Written by Kaneez Fatima
What is conjugation in chemistry? The term “conjugated” was coined in 1899 by the German chemist Johannes Thiele. The phenomenon of overlap of p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in a molecule is called conjugation. It generally decreases the overall energy of the molecule and increases the stability of the molecule. It is the overlap of p-orbitals across […]
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An Acid catalyzed rearrangement in which 1,2-diol or pinacole is converted to carbonyl compound is called pinacole- pinacolone rearrangement. Pinacole : 2,3- dimethyl butane-2,3-diol Pinacolone :3,3-dimethyl-2- butanone Reaction of Pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement: Mechanism of pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement: Mechanism of pinacole-pinacolone rearrangement takes place in four steps Step(01): In this step hydroxyl group of pinacole is protonated by […]
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Base-catalyzed reaction in which 1,2-diketone reacts with a hydroxyl ion to give a hydroxyl carboxylate ion, which on acidification yields a hydroxycarboxylic acid. This rearrangement is called benzil-benzilic acid rearrangement. This shows intramolecular disproportionation because the carbon center is oxidized while the other is reduced. Ketone having no adjacent enolizable proton gives this rearrangement; otherwise, […]
