The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together and stabilises them by the overall loss of energy is known as chemical bonding. Valence electrons play a fundamental role in chemical bonding. In the electron configuration of an atom, the outermost shell is called the valence shell, and the electrons in the valence shell (outermost…
What are Carbohydrates? It is defined as polyhydroxy (more than one hydroxy group) aldehydes or ketones compounds produced on hydrolysis, which are called carbohydrates. The name carbohydrates means ‘hydrates of carbon‘. They are the most abundant organic molecules in nature. They are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. The empirical formula of carbohydrates is [CH2O]n However,…
Cream of Wheat is a nutrient-packed breakfast food, full of vitamins and minerals that are crucial to maintaining overall health and wellness, such as niacin, vitamin B6, thiamine, riboflavin, folate, copper, calcium, and selenium. Cream of Wheat: Cream of Wheat is a breakfast cereal porridge that is prepared from ground wheat kernels, resulting in a finer texture than that of grits, which are ground corn. This nutritious cereal was initially manufactured in 1893 at the Grand Forks, North Dakota, grist mills and debuted during the 1893 World’s…
Haemoglobin Definition: Hemoglobins are an iron-containing protein in the blood of many animals in the red blood cells (erythrocytes) of vertebrates that transports oxygen to the tissues. Haemoglobin forms an unstable, reversible bond with oxygen. In the oxygenated state, it is called oxyhaemoglobin and is bright red; in the reduced state, it is purplish blue. Heme is a prosthetic…
Industrial Biochemistry The process of applying techniques and biochemical principles to develop innovative products that benefit humankind is called industrial biochemistry. It deals in biology, technology, engineering, and chemistry fields. Keys & Areas in Industrial Biochemistry: Biocatalyst: Enzymes or microorganisms are used to catalyze a reaction called biocatalysts. Formentation technologies: Large-scale production of bioactive compounds…
There are four different types of structures of proteins. The 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins are connected together by peptide bonds. The linear sequence of these amino acids encodes the information required to produce a protein molecule with a unique three-dimensional structure . Primary Structures of Proteins The arrangement of the amino acids…
What are the transition elements? Those elements, which have partially filled d or f-subshells in atomic state, are called transition elements. The d-block and s-block elements are transition elements because they are located between the s and p block elements. These elements are divided into two types. Outer Transition Elements: Elements with partially filled d-subshells…
What is the definition for Normality? The concentration of the solution expressed in a number of equivalent dissolved per liter of solution is known as the normality chemistry. Normality is represented by N. [ez-toc] Units of normality: Its units are eq/L or meg/L. The latter unit is mostly expressed in medical reporting. Formula of Normality…
What is the definition of molarity? 1. The definition of molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved per dm3 of the solution.OR2. Another definition of molarity is the substance per unit volume of solution.3. Molarity is also known as the• amount concentration• molar concentration• substance concentration•o It is represented as 1 M. [ez-toc]…
What is molality? The molality of a solution is the number of moles of solutes per kilogram of solvent. molality formula Its formula is given below: How to find molality: It can be calculated by using its formula. For example As it is known the density of pure water is 1 kg per litre…